What are the composition and classification of LED chips? Backlight manufacturers talk about the composition and classification of LED chips. The LED chip is a PN combination composed of P-layer semiconductor elements, and N-layer semiconductor elements are rearranged and combined by the movement of electrons. LED chip is the most important part of five raw materials: chip, bracket, silver glue, gold wire and epoxy resin.
It is mainly composed of gold pad, P pole, N pole, PN junction and back gold layer (double pad chip without back gold layer).
Let's first understand the light-emitting principle of LED chips: when the chip is applied with a certain voltage to the forward electrode, the holes in the forward P area will continuously swim to the N area, and the electrons in the N area will be relative to the hole direction. P zone exercise. While the electrons and holes move relatively, the electrons and holes pair with each other to excite photons and generate light energy. When the current flows from the anode to the cathode, the crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared. The intensity of the light is related to the current.
Let us continue to understand the classification of LED chips. LED chips can be classified according to polarity: N/P, P/N. According to the light-emitting part, it is divided into surface light-emitting type (most of the light is emitted from the chip surface) and five-sided light-emitting type (the surface and the sides have more light emitted). According to the composition, it can be divided into: binary, ternary, and quaternary LED chips. The so-called binary, ternary, and quaternary LED chips refer to the number of effective elements contained in the chip. According to the composition elements, it can be divided into the following types:
A. Binary chips (phosphorus, gallium): H, G, etc. (there are two effective elements)
B. Ternary chips (phosphorus, gallium, arsenic): SR, HR, UR, etc. (there are three effective elements)
C. Quaternary chips (phosphorus, aluminum, gallium, indium): SRF, HRF, URF, VY, HY, UY, UYS, UE, HE, UG, etc.
Take the ternary LED chip as an example. It refers to the LED chip that mainly contains three elements, such as HY, HO, IR, SR and other products, which are called ternary LEDs. The visible light brightness is generally lower than that of quaternary (four elements) LEDs. Most of the red light chips used in full-color display screens are quaternary products, which are characterized by high brightness.
The main difference between ternary LED chips and quaternary LED chips lies in the difference in semiconductor materials in their light-emitting areas. For example, ternary LED chips include GaALAs and GaAsP. The quaternary chip refers to InGaALP. Although the materials of ternary and quaternary are different, the brightness of quaternary is higher, but the quaternary LED has more bad electrical properties such as IR than that of ternary. It is anti-static and difficult to work.
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